Collaborative Approaches to the Management of Geospatial Data Collections in Canadian Academic Libraries: A Historical Case Study

The Ontario Council of University Libraries (OCUL) is a consortium of the twenty-one university libraries in Ontario, Canada. Since 1967, OCUL member institutions have worked together to share costs and workload through collective purchasing and licensing of information resources and more recently through the establishment of a shared digital infrastructure known as Scholars Portal. Under the auspices of OCUL, Ontario's university map librarians formed the OCUL Map Group in 1973 to seek opportunities to communicate and collaborate to improve the collections and services they offer their users. The opportunities provided by collaboration have ensured a greater capacity to manage evolving collections of geospatial data. The group has served as a community of practice, which has provided educational opportunities and facilitated collaborative problem solving through a listserv, conference calls, and face-to-face meetings. This collegial environment has also led to the completion of a number of projects, which have resulted in the creation of new technical infrastructures and strategies for sharing the workload of data management tasks. This paper discusses the role of collaboration in OCUL projects and offers some suggestions for others considering embarking on collaborations of their own.     

A Strategy for the Management,Preservation, and Reutilization of Geographical Information Based on the Lifecycle of Geospatial Data: An Assessment and a Proposal Based on Experiences from Spain and Europe

In recent years, there has been a growing recognition of the fact that the proper management of information has to include concern for its preservation and future re-use. This ambition is particularly significant for geospatial data. The primary aim of this article is to define the European and Spanish frameworks for the preservation and reutilization of geographical information, with the ultimate goal of proposing an articulated, lifecycle-based data management model. With this, the intent is to shed some light on a complex, difficult and ever-evolving subject.

The article is divided into two main parts. The first part begins with a conceptual justification for geospatial data management and continues by synthesizing the current normative and technological framework for the preservation and reutilization of geographical information. Within this context, the implementation of Spatial Data Infrastructures (SDI) in Spain is evaluated. The second part begins with a case study from Spain that aims to identify different agents and flows that influence the lifecycle of geographical data, as well as the strengths and weaknesses found in each stage of the process under examination. Finally, the foregoing ideas are used in order to propose a SDI-related system for the management of geographical information.     

数据挖掘技术在科技期刊网站中的应用

基于数据挖掘技术,对科技期刊网站系统中产生的数据进行分析,获取隐藏其中有价值的知识.根据科技期刊的行业特点,以及其信息系统的应用情况,通过整合所得到的相关数据,利用数据挖掘技术,对整合后的数据进行分析,从而在科技期刊经营模式中获取到大量有价值的规律和宝贵的经验.     

面向大数据的图数据处理技术

大数据时代,数据规模爆炸性增长,传统的数据处理技术已无法满足需求。“图”这一抽象数 据能够充分表示数据间的关系。现实世界中的许多应用场景可以用图结构来表示。文中结合大数据的 特点,从图数据管理与图数据处理机制两个方面,综述了大数据背景下图数据处理的关键问题。总结 了当前的研究现状和进展,分析了存在的挑战性问题,并深入探讨了未来的研究方向。     

Heeding the Signals: Applying Web best Practices when Google recommends

Google is the single largest driver of traffic to library Web sites and digital repositories, and librarians would do well to listen when the search giant reveals information about its practices or makes recommendations. Recently, Google announced that it would begin to favor Web sites that use the secure hypertext transfer protocol (HTTPS) in its search results rankings. HTTPS encrypts data transmission and one of Google's stated reasons for this change is to help make the Web safer and minimize data theft. Similar announcements by Google have sometimes been ignored by librarians, to the peril of the visibility and use of library products and services on the Web.     

大数据时代信息分析的关键问题、挑战与对策

[目的/意义] 信息分析是情报研究的核心环节,大数据时代为信息分析提供了更多的信息资源保障和技术支持,促使信息分析产生重大的革新。[方法/过程] 通过网络调查与文献资料收集,对国内外信息分析研究现状进行分析,总结当前大数据信息分析领域存在的5个关键问题,提出大数据时代信息分析的4个主要挑战。[结果/结论] 针对大数据环境下信息分析存在的问题和挑战,提出5方面的对策建议,宏观上对大数据时代的信息分析进行系统地梳理,从顶层设计的角度统领大数据时代的信息分析。     

我国医学从业者科学数据共享行为调查研究

[目的/意义]医学从业者的科学数据共享行为研究意在了解科学数据共享的技术、平台和环境以及医学从业者对科学数据共享的认知、共享意愿与实际行为,从而发现问题并有针对性地解决问题,这对于科学数据共享政策制定、平台建设和技术发展等具有重要的参考价值。[方法/过程]将拟调查的科学数据共享行为分成已有科学数据共享行为和科学数据共享意愿两大部分,主要通过问卷调查的形式,对医学从业者的科学数据共享行为进行调查研究。[结果/结论]对比分析不同类型医学从业者和不同人群的科学数据共享行为差异,归纳医学从业者科学数据共享行为的特点,并根据这些特点对我国医学科学数据服务机构提出建议。     

国际组织开放政府数据评估方法的比较与分析

[目的/意义] 开放政府数据评估是开放政府数据的重要组成部分,目前正处于起步发展阶段,需要逐步形成一套科学适用的评估体系。[方法/过程] 通过桌面调查和对比分析,针对当前国际组织部分代表性开放政府数据评估项目的实施,着重从评估方法、评估对象以及指标体系与评估效果等角度分析不同评估项目的实际运行状况。[结果/结论] 归纳和总结各类开放政府数据评估项目的特色与不足,发现国际组织开放政府数据评估的一些规律性做法,如第三方评估保证了评估的客观公正,评估指标体系设计围绕主题科学制定,以数据开放为核心,注重评估方法的整体优化以及重视评估信息采集与处理的信度与效度等。     

网络动态数据挖掘模式及其关键技术

[目的/意义]大数据蕴藏着大知识和大情报,但呈现出价值密度低、分布不规律、价值隐藏深、变化频繁等特征,给数据挖掘工作带来巨大机遇与挑战,有必要探索新的挖掘方式。[方法/过程]以大数据环境下网络动态数据挖掘模式作为切入点,从数据生产方式、生产规模及技术成熟性等维度选择金融管理、新型互联网应用、移动互联网位置服务等应用领域,对其基本特征进行分析,最后以Facebook的动态数据挖掘分析平台为例进行系统说明。[结果/结论]提出应从体系结构、动态数据传输、系统接口、高可用技术及负载均衡等关键技术入手,对系统进行设计与优化。     

基于关联数据的政府数据发布

采用关联数据标准来发布政府数据,可以提高政府数据的透明度,提升政府数据的利用率。对政府数据利用关联数据标准进行发布的优势、途径和应用进行梳理,强调利用本体技术,将各类术语体系,包括与政府运作有关的各类数据模型,开发规范成一个政府数据本体,可以使得数据更规范、更有关联,容易查找和利用。